This did finally work. I set it to one of the 6.11 kernels and ran the audio script again without letting it install the custom kernel. After a reboot, the sound was finally working. The custom kernel must be broken on CAROLINE boards or something along those lines, which is probably worth investigating. I also can’t edit my post to add SOLVED to the title unfortunately, so I’d be appreciative if someone who has the power to do that could.